外源氮添加对湿地土壤N_2O排放量的影响

为搞清湿地土壤驱动N2O排放的关键氮源类型,有效减少湿地N2O的排放,本文通过室内控制温湿度,用气相色谱法分析不同外源氮素对湿地N2O排放的影响。结果表明:外加氮源组总是高于对照组N2O排放量(4.4 mg·m-3)。在设定的剂量范围内,单独添加尿素或尿素与硝酸铵1∶1配合时N2O排放量呈现先增后减的单峰分布趋势,峰值分别为10.6 mg·m-3和229.0 mg·m-3;单独添加硝酸铵时N2O排放量(32.6~111.0 mg·m-3)随着氮素添加量增加呈现持续上升趋势。单独添加尿素或硝酸铵、尿素与硝酸铵1∶1配合均促进N2O的排放,但硝酸铵尿素混合添加对N2O排放量的贡献单独添加硝酸铵单独添加尿素。这为预测内蒙古高原区农牧交错带湿地氮素输入可能带来的温室效应和有效减排提供科学依据。     

不同处理对芹菜种子萌发过程中抗氧化系统及激素水平的影响

为研究芹菜种子的萌发机制,采用不同试剂组合（5 g/L NaOH+10% PEG、10% PEG+500 mg/L壳聚糖、5 g/L NaOH+500 mg/L壳聚糖）和不同温度(18、24、30℃)对芹菜种子进行处理,观察芹菜种子的萌发指标,并探究种子萌发过程中的抗氧化系统及内源激素水平的变化。结果表明,30℃对种子发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数提高具有促进作用,加快种子萌发进程。与蒸馏水对照组相比,试剂组合处理在18、24℃时种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数升高,促进种子萌发,18℃时5 g/L NaOH+500 mg/L壳聚糖处理下的发芽势最高,24℃时5 g/L NaOH+10% PEG处理下发芽势达到最大值;30℃时不同试剂组合处理间发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数无明显差异。18、30℃对种子具有一定程度的胁迫作用,种子SOD和CAT活性较24℃条件下有所增加;18℃时MDA含量和脯氨酸含量显著增加;5 g/L NaOH+10% PEG处理能显著降低MDA含量。萌发过程中,芹菜种子内部ABA含量下降,GA₃、ZA含量增加。试剂组合及适当高温有利于提高芹菜种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,促进种子萌发,提高种子萌发整齐度;芹菜种子萌发过程中抗氧化系统和激素水平会积极响应不同的处理条件。     

儒商与企业伦理

为了统计和分析一个国家和地区的收入分配情况，经济学界往往通过入户调查获得家庭收入与消费等数据，采用洛伦兹曲线模型来进行数据拟合.洛伦兹曲线模型拟合效果的好坏，直接影响着收入分配的描述.本文构建了一类凹凸组合的洛伦兹曲线模型，并针对19个国家的收入分配数据进行了实证分析.结果显示该模型具有较好的拟合效果，其基尼系数能较好地描述收入分配现状，对反映和监测居民之间的贫富差距具有重要意义.     

Effect of Different Crossbred Combinations on Fatting Performance in Beef Cattle

This study was aimed to determine the effects of different crossbred combinations on fatting performance in beef cattle. Using single factor randomized block design, 30 bulls (health, similar weight and age) were chosen, Simmental cattle×Kerqin beef cattle (group A), Charolais cattle×Kerqin crossbred beef cattle (group B) and Kerqin beef cattle (group C) were divided into three groups with 10 bulls per group. After 95 d, the body weight, slaughter performance, meat quality and the economic benefits of fattening were measured. The results showed that there were no significant influence on dry matter intake among trials (P>0.05). The F/G, ethanolic extract (EE) of muscle in crossbred groups (groups A and B) were significant lower than group C (P<0.05). The weight of carcass, weight of meat, rate of carcass, and the weight of shank, plate, chine and rump in crossbred groups were significant higher than group C (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in content of amino acids among groups (P>0.05),and it had difference in the content of palmitoleic acid (PAA),stearic acid(SA) and linoleic acid (LA). In this trial, it had better fattening performance and the economic benefits in crossbred cattle groups than Kerqin beef group cattle, but the ethanolic extract and unsaturated fatty acids of muscle in Kerqin beef cattle were higher than the crossbred groups, and it had better fattening performance by crossbred.     

基于“多基因聚合-早世代组配”策略的水稻分子改良研究

传统水稻育种技术最主要瓶颈是选择效率低和周期长。为了提高水稻优异材料选育和杂交稻组配效率,创新水稻分子育种策略,利用分子标记辅助选择多基因聚合和早世代杂交组配,展开水稻恢复系分子改良和杂交新组合的调查评价。供体亲本H318与恢复系亲本华占进行杂交,通过选择和设计关键有利基因的分子标记,利用毛细管电泳基因分型技术,将Wxb、fgr、Xa23、Pi2、Pi46以及Pita 6个稻米品质、香味、抗白叶枯病和抗稻瘟病相关功能基因进行聚合利用。通过多世代的田间生物学性状调查,米质、抗性等表型鉴定,获得14份以恢复系华占为遗传背景,目标基因纯合的优质、双抗和香型稳定的水稻株系。依据材料稳定遗传特性,将改良后代株系与生产应用的不育系进行测配和组合的调查评价,筛选获得潜在优良杂交稻。在育种进程中采用"多基因聚合-早世代组配"策略,实现多个有利基因快速聚合,定向改良稻米品质和抗病性等关键性状,并且促进杂交水稻组合的高效选育。     

小麦秸与非常规饲料组合效应的研究

本试验旨在探讨小麦秸与非常规饲料间的组合效应。利用体外产气法,评价了小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮和苹果渣分别按0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25、100∶0比例进行组合的48 h体外发酵总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度和干物质降解率(DMD)、酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)以及其组合效应。结果表明:1)在小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮、苹果渣的各组合中,当小麦秸比例为25%时,TVFA浓度均大于小麦秸比例为50%、75%、100%时。2)随着小麦秸比例的增大,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮、橘子皮、苹果渣组合的DMD逐渐降低,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮、大豆皮组合各比例之间的DMD差异显著(P0.05)。3)随着小麦秸比例的增大,小麦秸与大豆皮组合的NDFD和ADFD逐渐降低,各比例之间差异显著(P0.05)。在小麦秸与橘子皮的组合中,当小麦秸比例为50%时,NDFD和ADFD最大。4)当小麦秸比例为50%时,小麦秸与橘子皮、苹果渣的组合对NDFD和ADFD的组合效应值最大,显著高于其他各比例(P0.05);当小麦秸比例为75%时,小麦秸与喷浆玉米皮的组合对NDFD和ADFD的组合效应值最大,显著高于其他各比例(P0.05)。综上所述,小麦秸与大豆皮、喷浆玉米皮的最优组合是75∶25。小麦秸与橘子皮、苹果渣的最优组合是50∶50。     

基于血浆非靶代谢组学探究急性笼养应激对蛋鸭代谢的影响

随着环保政策改革和养殖业的集约化、规模化发展,蛋鸭叠层式笼养模式的应用越来越广泛,笼养应激对蛋鸭的影响逐渐受到重视。本研究旨在利用非靶向代谢组学分析蛋鸭平养与笼养模式下血浆代谢物的差异。随机挑选平养组(floor-water rearing system,FWR组)和叠层式笼养组(cage-rearing system,CR组)蛋鸭各10只,跖骨静脉采血,通过高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-HRMS)非靶向代谢组学技术获得20个在不同饲养模式下的血浆代谢物图谱,经T检验等分析,取差异倍数(Fold-change) ratio≥2或ratio≤1/2、变量重要性(variable importance in projection,VIP)＞1、q值＜0.05为筛选条件得到显著差异代谢物并作通路富集分析。结果共筛选到差异代谢物30种,其中上调表达的差异代谢物14种(P＜0.05),下调表达的差异代谢物16种(P＜0.05)。差异代谢物种类主要有甘油磷脂(glycerophospholipids,16种)、脂肪酰基(fatty acyls,4种)、羧酸及其衍生物(carboxylic acids and derivatives,2种),还包括苯丙酸、酚类、有机硫酸及其衍生物、甾醇脂质、嘌呤核苷、有机氧化合物、类固醇和类固醇衍生物、有机磺酸及其衍生物等代谢物;共富集到4条差异代谢通路：初级胆汁酸生物合成、甘油磷脂代谢通路发生极显著富集(P＜0.01);次级胆汁酸生物合成、牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢通路发生显著富集(P＜0.05)。综上,非靶向代谢组学分析得到平养组和叠层式笼养组蛋鸭血浆中胆汁酸、牛磺酸以及甘油磷脂等显著差异,为后续深入探讨笼养模式影响蛋鸭的健康机制,解决蛋鸭笼养应激提供理论基础,促进水禽笼养技术的发展和推广。     

Heavy Metal Immobilization in Contaminated Soils using Phosphogypsum and Rice Straw Compost

The application of soil amendments to immobilize heavy metals is a promising technology to meet the requirements for environmentally sound and cost‐effective remediation. The present study was carried out to evaluate the result of phosphogypsum (PG) used alone and in combination with compost (CP) at a mix ratio of 1:1 wet weight ratio (PG + CP) at 10 and 20 g dry weight kg⁻¹ dry soil, on heavy metal immobilization in contaminated soil and on canola growth. The results revealed that the Pb, Cd and Zn uptake of canola plants was reduced by the application of PG alone and when it was mixed with CP as compared with untreated soil. At an application rate of 10 g dry weight kg⁻¹ dry soil of (PG + CP) the dry weight of canola plants increased by 66·8% was increased in comparison with its weight in the untreated soil. The addition of PG alone resulted in more pronounced immobilization of heavy metal as compared with PG mixed with CP. Plant growth was improved with CP addition, but heavy metals immobilization was the greatest in PG alone treatments. Results suggest that PG may be useful for the immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小麦花培材料的筛选和利用

花培育种是一条快速有效的育种途径，采用两种培养基对20个小麦组合材料进行花培分析，结果表明：小麦花培愈伤组织诱导培养基K优于C17，绿苗产率是C17的3.5倍多。不同基因型材料花药培养差异较大，筛选出一批不同类型的高培养力基因型材料，为有目的组配杂交组合提供依据，提高花培育种效率。     

温室测控系统开关设备优化组合预测控制方法

考虑开关设备组合作用下温室测控系统的非线性动态特性,提出了结构简单、不需复杂数值计算的离散预测模型,在不小于最大时滞时域内设备组合不变情况下,对设备组合进行滚动优化预测控制,从而大大简化了温室测控系统预测控制算法的复杂性,缓解了测控系统分布大时滞问题。仿真分析和温度的均方差表明,对分布式、大时延温室测控系统的优化组合预测控制方法是有效的。